Management as a Liberal Art Research Institute

Three Questions for Karen Linkletter, Research Director of the Management as a Liberal Art Research Institute (MLARI)

Bruce Rosenstein

PUBLISHED:

April 18, 2023

One of the most striking things I’ve discovered in more than three decades of research/writing about Peter Drucker is the accomplished and multidimensional lives of so many of his associates. Karen Linkletter perfectly fits in that category, as someone who combines her researching and writing career with being a professional cellist and equestrian. She is Research Director of the Management as a Liberal Art Research Institute (MLARI), and her involvement in the Drucker world goes back to her MBA and Ph.D. (in history) from Claremont Graduate University. She later taught in the American Studies Department at California State University, Fullerton for 15 years.

Karen collaborated as coauthor with Drucker’s longtime friend, colleague, and fellow Drucker School of Management professor, the late Joseph A. Maciariello, for the 2011 book Drucker’s Lost Art of Management: Peter Drucker’s Timeless Vision For Building Effective Organizations. She was also involved in the earliest days of the Drucker Archives, and conducted an oral history interview with Drucker in 1999.


I edited Karen’s article “Leading Through Management as a Liberal Art” for the Summer 2022 issue of Leader to Leader, where I am managing editor. Also in 2022, I was interviewed by her for the Management as a Liberal Art podcast.

Many thanks to Karen for answering my questions about her multifaceted life, and her continued work related to Peter Drucker, including a book she is currently writing.


For the non-specialist reader, how would you characterize your overall work, writing, and research?


I am trained as an historian, so I have an unusual approach to management and leadership. I tend to look at things in terms of context. How does what is happening right now fit in with a larger pattern, or a theme? I suppose that is why I was so drawn to Peter Drucker as a teacher, and as the subject of my dissertation. I taught American Studies at Cal State Fullerton for 15 years, where I rarely discussed Drucker. But how can you not address the rise of managerial capitalism in America in the 1950s? There was an entire genre of movies devoted to this (boardroom dramas)! It was not just an economic phenomenon, but also a cultural one. Many scholars have written on this subject, and, of course, sociologists were commenting on this at the time. But, until relatively recently, to teach management as part of cultural and intellectual history was heresy. Graduate work in business and other fields (humanities, the arts, sciences) were separate silos. This has – thankfully – been changing.


Can you provide an overview of the new book you are writing about Peter Drucker?


The publisher is creating a series on management thinkers from the past. The idea is to reintroduce important figures, such as Michael Porter and Peter Drucker, to today’s management students, younger practitioners, and a general audience. I’m excited about this project because it positions management as a cultural and intellectual product of history, not just a realm of day-to-day operations. Don’t get me wrong- Drucker emphasized performance and results! But this pragmatic aspect of his work often overshadows his larger project. He was, in essence, a philosopher and theorist. As someone who experienced Nazi Germany and the rise of fascism, Drucker sought to devise a social system that would prevent a repeat of history. I’ve presented Drucker as a social theorist in my previous work. The challenge with this book is to critically examine Drucker in terms of his place in history, yet also show his relevance to today. 


Can your describe your life as a musician and how it fits in with your work as a writer, research director, editor, and teacher?


The short answer is: it makes for a complicated life. I find that all of the things that I do eventually overlap – and this may be a good message for some people who think they are “scattered.” Working as a musician involves leadership, individual growth, personal reflection, goals, performance and results – all of the things Drucker wrote about. It may be very focused (on a specific performance or piece of music) or it might be more broad (bringing a group together to create an event). Music informs my research, as it did Peter Drucker’s; he related group dynamics to musical groups (jazz combo and orchestra). Editing an article requires a sense of the writer’s rhythm, and how that translates to the reader’s understanding; we want to retain the author’s voice but work to maximize communicating the message to the audience. Teaching for me has always involved bringing in music, often with visual material. In some recent training sessions on Drucker’s philosophy and theory, I used scenes from a couple of old science fiction movies (2001: A Space Odyssey and Blade Runner) to illustrate Drucker’s concern with how new knowledge could be used for evil and how existentialist questions impact everyone – even androids. Bruce, as you argue in your book, Living In More Than One World: How Peter Drucker’s Wisdom Can Inspire and Transform Your Life, Drucker very much advocated living a life rich in variety, and devoted to excellence in more than one endeavor. It’s not for everyone, but it’s made for a fulfilling life for me, and I hope, at the end of it all, I’ve touched a few lives and made a difference.The body content of your post goes here. To edit this text, click on it and delete this default text and start typing your own or paste your own from a different source.

By Karen Linkletter Ph.D. January 6, 2025
On December 13, 2024, we lost a seminal management philosopher and theorist: Charles Handy. Like Peter Drucker, Handy was a social thinker and management theorist who emphasized the human side of work as more important than profits and valued individual growth and development in organizations. Handy was born in Ireland and studied at Oxford. In 1956, he went to work for Shell, working in Borneo, where he met his future wife, Elizabeth Hill. Disillusioned by corporate life, Handy left Shell in 1962 to study management at MIT in their executive program. Inspired by their humanistic approach, he returned to London in 1967 to start the London Business School. Handy knew Drucker and was a regular keynote speaker at the Global Drucker Forum in Vienna. The two men had much in common in terms of their approaches to management and social theory. Like Drucker, Handy became an author (although, unlike Drucker, Handy was a corporate executive before he turned to writing). Handy wrote not just on business but also society, serving as much as a social ecologist as Drucker was. In his pivotal book, The Age of Unreason (1989), Handy argued for the disruption of discontinuity – resulting in a new world of business, education, and work that was highly unpredictable. He rejected shareholder capitalism and saw the organization as a place for human purpose and fulfillment, based on trust. Like Drucker, Handy advocated federalism in organizations, disseminating authority and responsibility to the lowest possible levels. He also saw “the future that had already happened.” Handy coined the term “portfolio life,” where knowledge workers would increasingly work remotely and for multiple organizations. In the 1980s, he posited that society consisted of “shamrock organizations”: those that had three integrated leaves: full-time employees, outside contractors, and temporary workers. Handy thus foresaw the new “gig economy” and increasingly autonomy of knowledge work. Finally, like Drucker, Handy had a life partner who not only supported his career but was an independent woman with her own interests. Liz Handy, like Doris Drucker, was an entrepreneur who ran an interior design business, and later was a professional photographer and Charles’s business agent.  Minglo Shao, founder of CIAM, remembers Handy as a warm man who made several important contributions to what we see as the fundamentals of Management as a Liberal Art. We are thankful for Handy’s contributions to management theory and social thought, and for his legacy at the Global Drucker Forum in the form of the Charles and Elizabeth Handy Lecture Series.
By Richard and Ilse Straub with the Drucker Forum Team December 29, 2024
For 15 years, Charles Handy did us the enormous honor of choosing the Drucker Forum as a privileged platform for delivering his message to the world, and particularly to the younger generation in which he had such faith. Following up on our initial announcement of Charles’ passing Charles Handy (1932–2024) , we are honored to share a selection of his key contributions to the Forum with our wider community. Charles’ brilliant keynotes at the Drucker Forum have become legendary. Normally accessible only to members of the Drucker Society, from today they are available as recordings to the wider public for a period of 30 days. At the first centennial Forum in 2009, Charles talked about his debt to Peter Drucker while outlining his own fundamental management concepts that he had developed over the years. Two years later, he touched on the ideas of Adam Smith and demonstrated how much more to them there was than the celebrated “invisible hand” of self-interest. In his landmark closing address in 2017, pursuing a thread developed in his 2015 book The Second Curve, he called for a management reformation that would turn it into a tool for the common good – thus drawing the first contours of what we would announce six years later as the Next Management . We took to heart his exhortation not to wait for great leaders but “to start small fires in the darkness, until they spread and the whole world is alight with a better vision of what we could do with our businesses”. Management’s "second curve" will be the focus of the “Charles and Elizabeth Handy Lecture Series” in 2025. Following the loss of his beloved wife Elizabeth in 2018 and a severe stroke, Charles was much reduced in mobility in his last years – but not in his determination to continue spreading his message of hope to the world. He couldn’t participate in person in the Drucker Forum 2022, but he participated in a moving online interview with his son Scott, who directed young actors in a short performance of Beckett’s Waiting for Godot by Beckett to illustrate some points.  Charles also contributed valued digital articles for our blog and for Drucker Forum partners. Even during the most difficult period of his life he continued to write and develop his ideas in weekly columns for the Idler magazine. This entailed first memorizing the article, then dictating it and finally reviewing it by having someone it re-read to him – a remarkable feat of memory and determination. The article is a jewel and most appropriate for Christmas and the season of self-reflection. Have a wonderful Christmas, happy holidays and a healthy and prosperous New Year.
By Karen Linkletter Ph.D. November 19, 2024
Interview with Karen Linkletter at the 16th Global Peter Drucker Forum 2024  Video Interview
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